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	<title>The Bygone Bureau &#187; Travel</title>
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	<link>http://bygonebureau.com</link>
	<description>A Journal of Modern Thought</description>
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		<title>Dark City</title>
		<link>http://bygonebureau.com/2012/11/05/dark-city/</link>
		<comments>http://bygonebureau.com/2012/11/05/dark-city/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 05 Nov 2012 14:00:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Tyler Magyar</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Travel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[highlight]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bygonebureau.com/?p=10567</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In the wake of Hurricane Sandy, Tyler Magyar explores the blacked out neighborhoods of Manhattan and discovers a new fondness for New York City.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/darkcity01.jpg" alt="darkcity01" title="darkcity01" width="512" height="288" class="center" />
<p style="text-indent: 0; margin-top: 1em;">I watched the hurricane pass from a small bedroom with a large window. The glass seemed thin, its panes trembling as the winds intensified. My two housemates and I sat along a low table in the living room. We drank and ate as the wind howled. I traced the storm&#8217;s trajectory along my computer screen with a single finger. A thousand pixels away, maybe.</p>
<p>The hurricane spun quickly up the Atlantic. I closed the thick wooden shutters, fearful a strong gust would make an easy example of the old glass. Now the three of us sat together, awestruck in precautionary candlelight. In the distance, an electrical transformer exploded, bathing our apartment in an intense light, first green, then yellow. It rained, hard, and there seemed to be no air, only wind. Police roared by as a nearby fence blew away, one piece at a time. Then the storm disappeared, but not without fantastic resistance.</p>
<p>The truth runs thicker, murkier, far more dismal than my own experience. As Hurricane Sandy bounded north from the deep Caribbean until dissipating near Canada, a tragic many lost their lives. Others were left homeless, stranded, or otherwise in need. A hamlet in Queens was burnt to nothing. Homes and storefronts were brutalized, roads and tunnels were flooded, and trees were obliterated. Infrastructure collapsed and still struggles a week later. Traces of this storm will exist for months, perhaps years.</p>
<p>It was an awful storm, a storm whose true wrath I can’t begin speak of.</p>
<p>I can speak of what I know, mostly from brief phone calls. The string of small towns which held host to my childhood, all along the New Jersey shoreline, were bullied and thrashed and mostly defeated. The boardwalk where my parents began their business — where I was born — was weathered into driftwood. A rollercoaster now sits in the Atlantic Ocean, a sad and useless skeleton. Across the shoreline, many homes have become shells, ideas, placeholders. Somewhere to sleep, in certain instances, though without much comfort.</p>
<p>Wounded, these people will recover.</p>
<img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/darkcity02.jpg" alt="darkcity02" title="darkcity02" width="512" height="288" class="center" />
<p>Our city is a glorious orgy of things, most of all resilient. We&#8217;ve rebuilt, albeit expensively. We&#8217;ve rebounded slowly. On September 12, 2001, speeches were made atop rubble while I draped my suburban porch with an old American flag. We were strangers and neighbors, a chorus not of our choosing, and we were beautiful. I feel that now, again, a sense of calm and hope. New York City, in times of peril and strength, is an electric place. </p>
<p>My street in Brooklyn was left relatively unscathed. Two trees fell, one at each intersection, as if fencing us in. Such was the metaphor, feeling stranded without being so. I heard of people in dire situations, of neighborhoods underwater or at-risk. They were truly trapped, while I sat behind wood-shuttered windows and waited.</p>
<p>As Hurricane Sandy passed over our heaping metropolis, New Yorkers took to the internet to post offers of beds and couches, meals and safety. Many of my friends are among this improvised support system. I imagine these people didn&#8217;t have all that much: a few square feet, a bed, a bowl of soup, a handle of whiskey, an electrical outlet. I felt so close yet so far, in a little room with a big window.</p>
<p>Electric currents never stopped passing through the walls of that little room, a space on loan by two generous friends while I look for my own apartment. I had enough baked beans and peanut butter to last a few days. I was waiting for a paycheck, a critical document wasting away in a dark Midtown office. In waiting, I&#8217;d overdrafted my bank account $80 or so, but I was fine — fortunate, even. I had enough, a little bed and that window.</p>
<p>Which is why I wanted to see the dark city.</p>
<p>It was just after 7 p.m. I bundled up and headed west. I stopped at a little wine shop beneath a horrible condominium and wondered if my card would work. It did, so I packed away a bottle of Austrian wine, its screw-cap closure ideal for clandestine sipping. Fuel, of sorts. -$90. Onward.</p>
<p>Manhattan-bound, most people on the Brooklyn Bridge were walking toward me. I felt intrepid, perhaps a little stupid. Mostly, I just felt cold. My tweed blazer was the thickest coat I had, with big front pockets for a flashlight and my phone and, occasionally, that bottle. Slightly warmer. More confident.</p>
<p>Coming into Lower Manhattan was, at best, chilling. At worst, it was frightening. Everything disappears into darkness. City Hall was a grayed monolith, shadowed throughout. The only sound was a dull rumbling. Sometimes there was no sound. This, the financial capital of the world, was darkened beyond my most dire predictions. I loved and hated it. I took a piss on the steps to the courthouse. I kept my flashlight off and continued to walk north.</p>
<p>Chinatown was feat of pitch-black, a ghost town. The only signs of life buzzed across Canal Street, lit by frenzied headlights. I wagged my flashlight back and forth and ran across the street. Two cars barely paused for me. Old Police Headquarters loomed in the distance like an elegant yet gloomy silhouette. A man and woman stumbled across the sidewalk in Halloween attire, a burlesque singer and a clown. Drunk and laughing, they seemed horribly sordid given their surroundings. I smiled but quickened my pace.</p>
<img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/darkcity03.jpg" alt="darkcity03" title="darkcity03" width="512" height="288" class="center" />
<p>A darkened patch lit up suddenly, exposing someone who had been walking ahead of me unnoticed. Come the next corner, they disappeared. I had been alone until then, save for the clown and some cops and the homeless, now more anonymous than ever before. Others began to emerge, whispering along the silent streets. Broadway was like Canal Street, only more dangerous and urgent. Walking up towards SoHo and through Nolita, those on the sidewalks kept a hurried pace. We were all strangers somehow allied, though free to appear and disappear with the simple flick of a switch.</p>
<p>In the city of shadows, it was hard to gauge someone&#8217;s purpose, intent, or destination. Some were home-bound. Others must have been like me, merely curious. The rest, I thought, could be looters or otherwise ill-intended. Exaggerated as it seemed, there was no way of knowing. I&#8217;ve heard stories. I was alone. I flicked my light back off, disappearing.</p>
<p>The bars along the Bowery and its side-street estuaries all seemed closed. The vast majority were. A handful remained open, lit modestly by tea lights. I presumed these places only accepted cash. If I had ten bucks, I would have indulged myself. Instead, I took a sip of my wine and trekked onward. A doorman nodded, as if to approve, from a dark lobby.</p>
<p>The trek had taken over two hours by the time I hit Union Square, or at least the dark open patch were Union Square is supposed to be. It was brighter there than elsewhere, sure, but only because the struggling electric company was down the block and each corner boasted a stainless steel trailer serving kebabs and lamb sandwiches. In lieu of skateboarders and drunks and commuters, Union Square was a hub of halal trucks. Unpredictably, they set up shop all across Lower Manhattan. Five bucks could get you a warm dinner until late along Prince Street, Duane, Hester, and at the base of each bridge.</p>
<img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/darkcity04.jpg" alt="darkcity04" title="darkcity04" width="512" height="288" class="center" />
<p>Walking up Lexington, each street was slightly less empty than the last. More and more places were open, though not many. Some places — people, even — seemed unaware of the blackout. Again, not many. In the distance, there was light. Behind me, only shadows. Uptown wasn&#8217;t an oasis, just somewhere different. I continued through the 20s, just shy of the border. It felt foreign. I had become acquainted with the dark, with the huddled masses and the candles, the thrill, the simplicity. I took a photograph, then retreating back towards the darkened city I&#8217;d grown familiar with. I was out of town when those earlier blackouts hit, and was bizarrely jealous that everyone else got to experience it. Blacked-out New York seemed exciting because it was different, an adventure. Now I was there, drinking some wine on Astor Place and pissing where I pleased, invisible. I looked up at a candlelit window, wondering what the people inside were doing. It was almost midnight. Just like when I stepped foot into the dark of Manhattan, I didn&#8217;t know how I felt. I loved it. I hated it.</p>
<p>I left the new New York and came home, closed my shutters, and slept. Like everyone else, I woke to sunlight. Eight million people, alive with light. At least we have that in common.</p>
<p>We have one more thing in common here: the city itself. New York City is, to begin with, confused. It&#8217;s expensive and abrasive, harsh and fast. It is a city of the glamorous, geniuses, motherfuckers, and delinquents. It is unique, beautiful, and it is suffering.</p>
<p>But New York recovers as it suffers.</p>
<p>Soon, the water will recede and power will return. Homes will be rebuilt and trees replanted, our hurried pace restored. We will take the subway and complain; we&#8217;ll pay bills and get drunk and forget, a little bit, because forgetting is a part of moving on. But there will always be a reminder, through things new and repaired, through photographs shared and stories told. </p>
<p>The truth is, I love New York no more or less than I did last week. I won&#8217;t feel any different next week, either. Nothing has changed here but everything, and we&#8217;re accustomed to that. I don&#8217;t write this because I feel different. I write this because I feel the same.</p>
<p>I love this city.</p>
<img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/darkcity05.jpg" alt="darkcity05" title="darkcity05" width="512" height="910" class="center" />
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		<title>The Rust Belt of France: Béziers</title>
		<link>http://bygonebureau.com/2012/06/25/the-rust-belt-of-france-beziers/</link>
		<comments>http://bygonebureau.com/2012/06/25/the-rust-belt-of-france-beziers/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 25 Jun 2012 15:00:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John Daniel Davidson</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[The Rust Belt of France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Travel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[highlight]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bygonebureau.com/?p=9870</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In one of Europe's oldest cities, John Daniel Davidson sees signs of France's crumbling future.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/beziers01.jpg" alt="beziers01" title="beziers01" width="512" height="384" class="center" />
<p style="text-indent: 0; margin-top: 1em;">In retrospect, I understand why my French friends gave me a weird look when I told them I&#8217;d been to Béziers one weekend this winter. Unless you&#8217;re going in August for the <em>Feria de Béziers</em>, the bullfighting festival, people don&#8217;t really go to Béziers.</p>
<p>The town sits on a bluff over the Orb River in France&#8217;s poorest region, the Languedoc-Roussillon, about an hour west of where I&#8217;d been living, in Montpellier. With only 70,000 residents, Béziers is much smaller than Montpellier — and also much worse off. Its population declined steadily from the mid-’70s until about five or six years ago, when the growth of the rest of the Languedoc-Roussillon — which has twice the growth rate as everywhere else in France — finally trickled down to Béziers.</p>
<p>But its years of population decline still show. When some friends and I drove into the city center at lunchtime, it was eerily quiet. The streets were empty and it seemed like the shops were all closed, even the brasseries. My wife and I had never been anywhere in France where you couldn&#8217;t find a café or a glass of wine at midday, and we’d planned on having both with lunch.</p>
<p>But seeing nowhere to get them, we decided to hold off on drinks and head straight for the city’s main attraction, the thirteenth-century Béziers Cathedral.</p>
<hr />
<p>Part of what drew me to Béziers, I confess, was its troubled history. Like any ancient city, horrible things have happened there. But the worst by far was the massacre of 1209. Back then, Béziers was a stronghold of Catharism, which the Catholic Church considered a heresy. The Pope declared a crusade to eliminate it, and nobleman from the north of France assembled a crusader army and headed for Béziers and the Languedoc.</p>
<p>Once the crusaders were encamped outside the city, there was a debate about how to tell the faithful Catholics from the heretical Cathars once the fighting began. According to legend, the commander said, &#8220;Kill them all, let God sort them out,&#8221; or something close to it. And that’s exactly what they did.</p>
<p>The residents of Béziers, Catholics and Cathars alike, took refuge in the city&#8217;s churches, including the cathedral of Saint Nazaire (now Béziers Cathedral). The crusaders barred the doors of the church and set it on fire, and everyone inside burned to death. Then, they sacked and burned the city, slaughtering everyone else. It doesn&#8217;t get much worse than that.</p>
<hr />
<img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/beziers02.jpg" alt="beziers02" title="beziers02" width="512" height="384" class="center" />
<p style="text-indent: 0; margin-top: 1em;">When we got to the cathedral it was closed. A handwritten sign on the door said it would open at 2 p.m. so we decided to try the nearby Church of the Madeleine. It was also closed, due to the cold weather. We then found the very old and neglected Saint-Aphrodise Church nearby, which appeared to be crumbling. Large steel braces held up the exterior walls, and it looked like it hadn&#8217;t been open for a very long time.</p>
<p>By then it was 2 p.m. and we went back to the cathedral, assuming it would be open. It wasn’t. A few other people were standing around in the cold waiting for someone to open the doors. None of them knew why the church was closed. While the others took in the scenic view of the Orb and the surrounding countryside, I wandered around to the other side of the church in search of another entrance, but instead stumbled upon the fifteenth-century cloisters. If we can’t get into the cathedral, I thought, at least we can enjoy this. I waved them over and we went in.</p>
<hr />
<p><img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/beziers03.jpg" alt="beziers03" title="beziers03" width="300" height="400" class="alignright size-full wp-image-9874" /><br />
One advantage of living in a less-traveled corner of France is that you can easily visit some of the oldest sites in the country without fighting big crowds. To tour the Languedoc-Roussillon, especially in the off-season, is generally to be one of a small handful of visitors at a medieval church or a Roman ruin. Sometimes, you&#8217;re the only person there.</p>
<p>The most surprising thing about these places, though, is not that they are off the beaten path but that so many of them have been neglected and vandalized. Throughout southern France, gravel parking lots and faded plaques are sometimes the only markers you&#8217;ll see of an ancient church or monument, many of which are defaced with graffiti and crumbling to pieces. </p>
<p>That&#8217;s what we found in the cloisters of Béziers Cathedral. The building dates from the thirteenth century and sits on the ruins of the church that was destroyed in the massacre of 1209. Fragments of the original church are embedded in the walls of the cloisters, while others are unceremoniously stacked in the corners and leaning against walls.</p>
<p>Most of these artifacts, along with the stones, columns, and arches of the cloisters themselves, have been horribly vandalized. Graffiti isn’t spray-painted here like it is everywhere else in Béziers, it’s scratched into the stones. That’s how I know “R.S.” was standing in front of a particular medieval tablet there on March 19, 2011.</p>
<p>Looking around, it wasn’t hard to see how this happened. A bunch of teenagers and vagrants were in there, smoking cigarettes and staring at us. They weren’t there for the architecture or the history; they were there because it was a place to hang out and mess around with shit.</p>
<hr />
<img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/beziers04.jpg" alt="beziers04" title="beziers04" width="512" height="384" class="center" />
<p style="text-indent: 0; margin-top: 1em;">Appalled and confused, we decided to forget about the cathedral and find Béziers’ Roman arena. We followed signs for it down a steep set of stairs, past a door that read &#8220;<em>attention, chien méchant</em>&#8221; (vicious dog), and wandered into Saint-Jacques, which turns out is a pretty rough neighborhood.</p>
<p>But we weren&#8217;t about to give up on the Roman arena just because the streets suddenly seemed dirty and menacing. We kept following signs for the <em>arène romaine</em> and soon realized they were leading us in a circle. The arena was right next to us, on the other side of some dilapidated apartment buildings, but there was no apparent entrance.</p>
<p>Determined to find a way in, we walked down a small hill and around a corner, where we found several haphazardly parked police cars and a group of cops engaged in lively discussion with some neighborhood residents. At that point we all decided it would be best to move along, away from whatever trouble was brewing in Saint-Jacques that day.</p>
<p>After a block or so, I noticed a man following us. When I turned around to get a look at him, he pretended to go into a building, slowly putting his hand on the nearest door. When I looked back a few seconds later, he was still following us.</p>
<p>I told the others what was going on and we decided to just get out of Béziers altogether. The churches were all closed, and the Roman arena, if it were really there, was buried in a ghetto and lost to history.</p>
<hr />
<p>In America, when we think of our rust belt cities — Pittsburgh, Detroit, Cleveland — we think of steel mills and factories closing down in the ‘70s and ‘80s, leaving behind industrial blight, shuttered buildings, and vacant lots. Having lived in Philadelphia and also further north in the rust belt <em>par excellence</em> of Scranton and Wilkes-Barre, I know first-hand that the legacy of those rough decades is alive and well, and that our rust belt continues to struggle with unemployment, crime, and spectacular decay.</p>
<p>But the difference between our rust belt and France’s is that our cities are fighting back against what happened thirty, forty years ago. Photos of Detroit’s decline <a href="http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1882089_1850973,00.html">make for good slideshows</a>, but what’s more revealing is that <a href="<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/03/fashion/the-young-and-entrepreneurial-move-to-downtown-detroit-pushing-its-economic-recovery.html?_r=1&#038;pagewanted=all">&#8220;>Detroit</a> and a <a href="http://www.salon.com/2012/05/12/rust_belt_chic_declining_midwest_cities_make_a_comeback/">bunch of other rust belt cities</a> are becoming destinations for young entrepreneurs and artists, who see a chance to remake and rebuild and create something new out of the old and broken. While they still face huge problems, these places don’t have a pervasive sense of societal malaise and cultural torpor — they have a <a href="http://www.npr.org/2012/06/11/154740024/a-comeback-for-downtown-cleveland">renewed sense of energy</a> and determination. They haven’t given up.</p>
<p>That’s not happening in the south of France. There is no movement of aspiring entrepreneurs and artists working to revive urban centers. The brightest and most ambitious young people you meet in the Languedoc-Roussillon want to get out, to Paris or London or somewhere in the United States. You don’t get a sense that anyone is fighting back against decline, but that the next generation is instead languishing in a rust belt of depressed cities.</p>
<hr />
<p>Béziers is not a microcosm of France. But having lived and traveled in the Languedoc-Roussillon, the ruinous state of that city strikes me as a sign and a symbol of things to come. Although the rest of France has fared better than Béziers, as a whole France seems like a country that’s come out on the wrong side of history, whose future has somehow been snatched away.</p>
<p>Dostoyevsky famously said that you could judge the degree of civilization in a society by entering its prisons, and something similar is true about observing the poorest parts of a country. You can tell something’s gone wrong in France by entering its most troubled cities in its most troubled region, the Languedoc-Roussillon, where pervasive neglect and urban decay confront you at every turn, and headlines about the economic crisis are manifested in the <a href="http://www.inegalites.fr/spip.php?article653&#038;id_mot=108">shocking number</a> of <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-06-07/french-unemployment-rate-climbs-as-hollande-grapples-with-cuts.html">homeless and jobless people</a> you meet.</p>
<p>The defaced monuments and crumbling landscapes of cities like Béziers reflect more than just a permissive European attitude about vandalism and graffiti. France’s problems run deeper; their roots are societal and cultural, and <a href="http://www.france24.com/en/20090113-national-heritage-budget-gets-%E2%82%AC100-million-boost-">top-down government schemes</a> to reverse the country’s <a href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1686532,00.html">waning cultural influence</a> don’t seem to be working. <a href="http://metrostudies.berkeley.edu/pubs/proceedings/Shrinking/5Fol_and_Sabot_PA_final.pdf">Small cities in France are shrinking</a>, even as the ghettoized suburban banlieues, where <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/apr/20/french-elections-2012-view-banlieues">youth unemployment tops out at 40 percent</a>, continue to grow.</p>
<p>It’s easy to think of France as a prosperous, cosmopolitan center of culture when you’re strolling the banks of the Seine in Paris or sipping wine in a Bordeaux vineyard. But life down in the Languedoc-Roussillon, where the unemployment rate is highest, doesn’t fit the stereotype.</p>
<p>From this vantage point, France looks more like another sick man of Europe, like its neighbors to the east and west who are teetering on the brink. The difference is that France was always supposed to be one of the economic and cultural cornerstones of Europe, one of the pillars of the continent. But standing on the blighted, empty streets of Béziers, you can’t help but feel like you’re looking at the future of France, and all of Europe, whose citizens are living in the ruins of a waning culture.</p>
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		<title>New City, No Signal: Part Two</title>
		<link>http://bygonebureau.com/2012/06/13/new-city-no-signal-part-two/</link>
		<comments>http://bygonebureau.com/2012/06/13/new-city-no-signal-part-two/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Jun 2012 15:00:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Eric Magnuson</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Travel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[highlight]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[submission]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bygonebureau.com/?p=9821</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The conclusion to Eric Magnuson's smartphone-less trip to Toronto.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/toronto.jpg" alt="toronto" title="toronto" width="512" height="330" class="center" />
<p style="text-indent: 0; margin-top: 1em;"><em><a href="http://bygonebureau.com/2012/06/11/new-city-no-signal-part-one/">Read part one</a></em></p>
<p style="text-indent: 0; margin-top: 1em;">When we regrouped after splitting up an hour earlier in the Toronto Music Garden, Coe had an important announcement to make. Our helplessness might finally end: He found a full rack of rental bikes. So maybe, just maybe, something could pan out for us. We were three miles south from wherever we were supposedly meeting Jess that night. Nobody wanted to walk that far anymore. So we put our credit cards through the kiosk to rent bikes and then pedaled 16 blocks north on Spadina Avenue.</p>
<p>After turning down a street of dingy warehouses, we found Bellevue Square, a scrappy, little park that looked like Kensington Market’s drug-addled little brother. Bastardized hippies. Mangy dirt patches. Sleeping homeless men. Possibly dead homeless men. A rental rack for our bikes sat in the park’s southwest corner. But, of course, it didn’t have enough available spaces for all seven of us to lock up and abandon our rentals. If we had access to that app, we could have checked in advance. But no. Three of us had to pedal halfway back the way we came, just hoping that the nearest bike rack on the hardcopy map at Bellevue had enough spaces for us. Surprisingly, it did. But that was the last thing that went remotely well all day.</p>
<p>Meeting back at Bellevue near Kensington Market, the seven of us decided to split up to search for dinner. The place appeared to be full of bars and restaurants when we walked through hours earlier, so we assumed that it was going to be crowded shoulder-to- shoulder.But when we returned, most of the shops had pulled down their metal gates. The Canadians’ sole recommendation was now virtually empty aside from a few people who looked like they hadn’t had anywhere to be since 1992. The only restaurant open was a mediocre burrito shop that Bunge — the only one of us living near the Mexican border — declared disgusting. Coe, who had been a cancer researcher since college, said, Fuck it, and walked outside to bum a cigarette from somebody. He started a conversation with a girl in a green hoodie, hoping that she might give some coherent suggestions for our night. She was pale and extremely frail. She looked like she’d been hiding in her hoodie for months. Her speech stopped and stuttered. Coe couldn’t figure out if it was because she didn’t speak English or if it was just because she’d taken way too many drugs. When Coe asked her what we should do, she pointed behind him and said, “You could hang out at the burrito shop.” Jesus Christ.</p>
<p>At that point, the four of us were so incredibly fed up with the fact that absolutely nothing was going well that we decided to buy some beers and drink them in Bellevue Square. But we couldn’t even do that right. We spent 25 minutes looking for a liquor store, asking locals where the nearest one was, but most of them acted like they’d never been to a liquor store in their lives. When we finally found a liquor store — or more accurately, a beer store, because they didn’t sell liquor — the place was unlike anything we’d seen in the States. The store’s full selection was listed on a giant white wall, like arrival times at a train station. Beer labels were pasted to a board with individual prices beneath each. All of it was incredibly expensive. And we no longer had the old-fashioned sense to just vocally ask for directions on how it all worked, or even for recommendations on what was worth the price.</p>
<p>We stepped up to the counter and ordered the cheapest beer they stocked: Sleeman’s, which we knew nothing about beforehand. The sign next to the Sleeman’s label curiously said that the beer came in 12, 18, 24, and 30 packs. Thirty. Why not? And it’d obviously come in lightweight cans because we’d never seen 30-packs of bottles. The beer rolled out to us on a long conveyor belt and we suddenly saw that we’d just bought 30 heavy bottles. Awkwardly hauling these things six blocks back to the park, we expected the rest of our party to greet us with wreaths and bouquets of flowers. Maybe some ecstatic cheers. But they glared at us with angry disbelief. Mitchell had that perfect scowl where he wasn’t exactly angry, but he was sure as hell disappointed in all of us.<br />
“What took you guys so long?” they asked. “And why do you have 30 bottles of beer?”</p>
<p>“We thought you guys were getting food at the same time as us.”</p>
<p>“<em>No</em>, we were going to go in short shifts.”</p>
<p>A massive miscommunication that phones couldn’t have even saved us from at that point. We couldn’t even communicate one-on-one anymore. We didn’t even apologize because we were certain that we’d agreed to all get food and come back to this park at the same time. And they were absolutely certain in their own recollections. The two factions looked incredibly irate with one another — except for Seth, who’d managed an absurd coup while we wasted daylight in the market.</p>
<p>Now, none of us are exactly the types of men who walk up to random strangers, asking them in broad daylight if they know where to buy marijuana. But after an hour or so of being abandoned in that park, having no idea if we were ever going to return from dinner, Seth let himself be that kind of guy.</p>
<p>Walking up to a pair of young men working under a car’s hood, Seth nervously asked, “Hey, um, so, uh, do you guys know where to get… marijuana?”</p>
<p>“Are you a cop?” the guy quickly asked, sizing Seth up from head to toe. Then the man smiled. “I’m just jokin’ ya. I know ya aren’t a cop.” And he laughed this mad little teehee of a laugh. “You see that white Rastafarian over there?” He pointed across the park at a white Rastafarian.</p>
<p>“Uh, yeah,” Seth said.</p>
<p>“He’s got you.”</p>
<p>So Seth walked across the park until he penetrated the inner sanctum of this white Rastafarian. The man wore all-white clothes and ratty, blond dreadlocks. A drum circle played nearby. Then one of the Rastafarian’s minions rose his arm over Seth, snapped his fingers, and pointed down at him as if announcing one of the king’s subjects.</p>
<p>“Here’s how it’s going to go down,” the Rastafarian said. “You’re going to go into that public bathroom over there. Wait five minutes. Then this guy here will come in and make the exchange. Don’t worry. He’s not going to jump you.”</p>
<p>Judging by the drum circle, Seth decided to take his chances. Though when he walked into the bathroom, he didn’t know what to do for five minutes. The place was disgusting. Somebody had unflushable diarrhea earlier — unflushable because it was on the floor and spread across the walls. Seth didn’t need to use the urinal, so he nonchalantly washed his hands for five minutes. When the dealer finally showed up, he didn’t have correct change for Seth. So the guy told Seth to wait at a park bench nearby, and he’d bring back change. And with this being a particularly upstanding Canadian drug dealer, he actually returned with Seth’s change.</p>
<p>Finally regrouping with Seth and a very hungry Vince and Mitchell, the three of them made some sarcastic comments about taking their time with dinner and didn’t give us a real hour that they’d return. So Bunge, Coe, Compton, and I sat on two park benches with 30 beers hiding beneath us, not knowing when they’d return, and not knowing what we’d do with 30 bottles of beer between the four of us. Bunge didn’t care anymore. Coe didn’t care anymore. Compton and I didn’t care anymore. Bunge pulled some newspaper off of the ground and wrapped it around a bottle like a cheap floral bouquet. It’d have to do in place of a brown bag. All of us made our own newspaper arrangements and drank as children played at the playground beside us. A police car circled the park every ten minutes. But what actually put us ill-at-ease was that when we uncapped these beers, we quickly learned that Sleeman’s is disturbingly bad, as if we couldn’t have gathered that from the name alone. It was sour and metallic. If mercury has a taste, it’s likely Sleeman’s. But we had 30 bottles to get rid of, and we paid a lot of money for it, so we began slamming it as fast as possible. Bottle after bottle. Which was incredibly hard to do, because it was like drinking muskrat piss out of a cow’s udder.</p>
<p>While we were choking down these beers, the other three were getting wrapped up in their own precarious situations with Seth’s weed: Just to spite the four of us, as they admitted long after the trip ended, they decided to abandon us for as long as possible by hunkering down in a marijuana bar near the park. It wasn’t one of those cheery, New Age bud bars you hear about in Denver or L.A. The place was virtually empty aside from a couple flimsy tables and red-eyed 18-year-olds. A semi-comatose DJ spun dub step under low lights. The guy behind the counter looked like <em>he</em> didn’t know whether any of this was legal. Mitchell said he thought he was going to get mugged the entire time. “But it was a risk I was more than willing to take at that point of the day.” In fact, the incredibly lax oversight of marijuana laws in Toronto allowed our guys to smoke their street-bought weed on a back patio.</p>
<p>When they finally returned after dark — they were true to their word in taking their time — they looked none-too-happy about having to finish these beers off before we went anywhere else. </p>
<p>“We didn’t tell you to buy this shit.”</p>
<p>But we did. More than $45 for 30 of the worst beers in Canada. For the rest of the night, I thought I was going to vomit. Not because I was drunk, but because this stuff twisted my stomach into sailor knots. </p>
<p>After polishing off 360 ounces of beer, we anxiously turned to the public bathroom only to find that it was now locked for the night. So every single one of us was waddling through this neighborhood, looking for a place to piss. Between cars. Against houses. Crouching behind bushes. Nearly unzipping in front of people taking out their trash. That block glistened in our Sleeman’s piss.</p>
<p>When we finally did meet up with Jess again at a restaurant on College Street, there was a palpable hostility between us. The exciting energies of a friendly road trip had turned into angry, spiteful energies.</p>
<p>We got a table in back while Jess finished up dinner with her boss — a woman who upon seeing us seven men seemed to second-guess why she employed Jess. We did not look good: unwashed, shifty-eyed, reeking of cheap booze. We were not the usual, good-humored group of men, kicking back with beers after a successful day of exploring. Most of us were quiet, tired, looking at each other with suspicion. We didn’t quite trust each other anymore. We all knew the day was a tremendous failure. And we all seemed to blame one another for it. How could we be so stupid to have not planned ahead for this? It was everybody else’s fault. And I felt more ill as time passed, making me grimace and sneer at the people around me. I sat at the head of the table, not wanting to say a word. The stereo system played mind-numbingly loud music above us — strange, Canadian alt-rock that sounded trapped in 1997. It was nearly impossible to hear each other without yelling. Then Bunge, being too fed up with all of us idiots throughout the day, leered at me and said, “You should move down to the end of the table so that Jess can sit there.”</p>
<p>“What? Why?” </p>
<p>“So it’s easier for everybody to talk to her over the music.” </p>
<p>But I stared back, dumbfounded, feeling like the Sleeman’s was tearing apart my stomach. </p>
<p>“No,” I said. “I’m not moving right now.” </p>
<p>He began getting agitated with me, or even more so with the day. He’d traveled in a conversion van with us for a very long time at that point. He wanted to hear new voices. But I could not give a shit. My stomach squeezed together and ate itself. The only thing that could get me to move was if I puked on myself. </p>
<p>When Jess and her boss did join us, they sat at the far end of the table, far, far from Bunge’s ears: He looked like he was about to flip out at me. Feeling malicious by that time of the day, I just laughed at him as he squeezed out of the booth and moved down toward them. He eyed me like just I shit on his lawn. Things were not going well. But as Vince quickly found out by sitting next to her, Jess’s boss was completely incapable of saying anything remotely interesting. So half of the table was consumed in silence as terrible music blared through the stereo while the other half of the table was consumed in terrible conversation. It didn’t matter. Each half eyed the other half with annoyed envy. </p>
<p>“Hey,” Seth said to me, looking for any sort of reprieve. “Do you want to smoke this joint?” </p>
<p>I still felt like I might vomit. But to hell with it. I was going to smoke that goddamn joint out on the street. Maybe it’d at least make me puke up that awful Sleeman’s jumbling around in my stomach. And by the time we got outside, I had a monstrous headache. The beer had already given me a hangover. Seth and I smoked in a park of hardened mud. And I tried. I tried to vomit the Sleeman’s. But the smoke didn’t coax anything out. </p>
<p>When we got back into the restaurant, everybody decided to go to another bar; but without many options, we ended up at a strange billiards room called Andy Poolhall. Everything inside was bathed in a sickly, blood-red light. Gaudy, red pleather couches dotted the floor. It looked like the set of a vampire porno. The place was gigantic but only one other group of people stood in the room while ear-deafening 90s R&#038;B played on the stereo. If this place didn’t make me vomit, nothing would. </p>
<p>Seth, Vince, and Jess tried starting a dance party but it was half-assed and everyone looked like they were only pretending to have fun. Unable to feign even a half-assed dance step, I staggered toward the bathroom. </p>
<p>Opening the door, I suddenly walked into the kung-fu climax of <em>Enter the Dragon</em>. Mirrors covered every inch of the room. I became reflected back and forth a million times over. But stranger still was that the bathroom was technically unisex. Each stall was its own bathroom. You just knew that people had sex while locked behind those stalls. I concealed myself behind one of the mirrored doors and held my head over the toilet. </p>
<p>Nothing came up. And in trying to vomit, my headache only grew worse. I spit into the toilet, hoping for anything more. But that Sleeman’s was going to coagulate inside of me till morning. </p>
<p>Sauntering back into the main room, I heard Jess suddenly say that we had to leave right away because the subway was about to shut down for the night. We quickly rushed out, looking first for a bus that would take us to the nearest subway. We saw a bus pull away and head toward the station but we had no idea if it was the last one of the night — no phones to check, and no reliable schedules to be seen at the stop. Thinking another would come, Vince decided to buy some street meat. Everybody was hungry, but we had to catch that subway. It was closing in minutes. But then Bunge got in line for food as well. After ten minutes in line, and after these guys meticulously covered their sausages with condiments, we realized that no other bus was coming. We had to start running as fast as possible to get to the train station. People cheered as we raced past. </p>
<p>But the gate was closed when we arrived out of breath. It shut down just a minute earlier. And I was absolutely irate with these guys for wasting ten minutes getting food. As I was about to flip out after running with this headache and Sleeman’s-stomach, Jess finally said that we could still catch a bus back to her neighborhood. <em>Why the fuck didn’t she say that before?</em> Christ, if we’d had smartphones, we could have bypassed all of this nonsense by looking up the transit system.</p>
<p>When we got on the bus, I scowled at Bunge, so annoyed with him for making us run all over the place: Too discombobulated to think straight, I decided to blame everything on him. And he was still annoyed with me from our exchange at the bar. The bus was tense. Some of us couldn’t stand being with each other anymore. The ride felt menacingly long until we finally got dumped off back in Greektown. Everybody was agitated. Or just happy to finally be ending the day. We could barely talk to each other anymore. </p>
<p>Walking down the street, Bunge sidled up beside me, trying to be the better man, and asked, “Hey, are we going to be okay?” as if we were in a marital spat. </p>
<p>“I don’t know,” I said. “Are you going to stop being as rigid as a witch’s cunt?”</p>
<p>“All right,” he said, and quickly walked ahead of everybody else.</p>
<p>“Come on,” I said. “That was funny.” But I was far too serious for it to be even juvenilely funny. </p>
<p>Walking back into Jess’s apartment, everybody was about to collapse. Very few words were exchanged. Everything was far too touchy. And we were about to sleep crammed together in a narrow room. Nobody said a word, fearing that the entire trip would end right there. </p>
<p>We brushed our teeth. We changed into sleepwear. We rolled out our sleeping bags. Then Bunge, all six feet of him, appeared in the shadow of the bathroom door. He wore a hot-magenta dress. Its hemline barely covered his genitals. Barely. </p>
<p>For the first time all day, everybody smiled in unison, and then laughed so hard we probably woke up the neighbors. Bunge hadn’t told anybody about this dress all week, as if he was saving the joke for the perfect moment. And here he was, grinning so happily with the gag, and making us remember how to communicate with one another. When we first became friends more than ten years before, perhaps none of us had even heard of the term “smartphone.” Hell, I got my first email address at freshman orientation in 2000. But after being saturated in technology for over a decade, it took Bunge, in a hot-pink dress, to remind us of what we still had in common, without iPhones, without the internet or God-knows-what-else. We still had humor. We’d talk again after all.</p>
<p>The next morning, we got the hell out of Toronto.</p>
<hr />
<p><em>Photo courtesy of <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/small/">Small</a></em></p>
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		<title>New City, No Signal: Part One</title>
		<link>http://bygonebureau.com/2012/06/11/new-city-no-signal-part-one/</link>
		<comments>http://bygonebureau.com/2012/06/11/new-city-no-signal-part-one/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Jun 2012 15:00:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Eric Magnuson</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Travel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[highlight]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bygonebureau.com/?p=9805</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Eric Magnuson and his buddies travel to Toronto for a little vacation. Except their smartphones don't work, and they don't know anything about Toronto. What's the modern traveler to do? Part one of two.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/kensington.jpg" alt="Kensington Market" title="kensington" width="512" height="340" class="center" />
<p style="text-indent: 0; margin-top: 1em;">Some of our break-ups with technology are more extreme than others. Last year, a Canadian man used his GPS to guide himself through Nevada roads that don’t appear on current-day maps. He hasn’t been seen since. A Las Vegas nurse and her 6-year-old son drove into Death Valley in 2009, relying on nothing but GPS, which sent them down a road that’s no longer truly a road. They got stranded for five days. The boy died. It happens so often that a park ranger has coined a phrase for it: <a href="http://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/index.ssf/2011/05/missing_canadian_couple_missteps_by_rita_and_albert_chretien_shock_nevada_town_locals.html">Death by GPS</a>. But the lesser consequences of our failing technology—high schoolers going absolutely bat-shit when Wikipedia shut down for a single day in January—would merely be laughable if they didn’t show how dependent we are on that technology, and what we can become when we lose our complete grasp of it.</p>
<p>I certainly don’t know the horrors of drinking my own piss and watching a child die beside me after getting lost in 115-degree heat for a week. The six friends that I traveled with on a man-cation around the Great Lakes last summer certainly don’t know them either. But when we left Detroit and crossed the border into Canada last July, none of us 29-year-old men had really planned ahead for the fact that our phones would not work in a foreign country, even if that country was only Canada. Our smartphones became paperweights. And for whatever reason, we never looked into what we might want to do in Toronto before actually arriving there. Like many contemporary travelers, we failed to bring a hard copy “map” to chart out what to do. In our first night in Toronto, everything was fine. We had a guide. We were together. We were naked. There was a water slide. But by noon the next day, we were already guide-less and splintered, unsure of each other, oftentimes completely unable to communicate: First, simply because our phones didn’t get service. But as we became more and more lost without technology, the agitation steadily grew, making it hard to communicate even one-on-one by day’s end.</p>
<p>No, we did not come remotely close to death. But in a matter of hours, we devolved from the upstanding men we were—teachers, cancer researchers, kind husbands and boyfriends, etc.—to a pack of homeless degenerates who loafed around shady Toronto parks, drinking the worst swill that Canada offers in a bottle.</p>
<p>That Saturday morning started out fine enough. We had been friends for a decade or more: Bunge, Coe, Compton, Mitchell, Seth, Vince, and myself—seven men all on the cusp of turning 30, and without any ideas about what to do in Toronto. In all of our previous stops around the Great Lakes, we either had reliable friends guiding us or we planned ahead with Internet research. Everybody forgot about Toronto, though. </p>
<hr />
<p>The first innocent rumblings of “What should we do today?” began circling our table at a greasy-spoon diner in Toronto’s Greektown that took more pride in its Detroit Red Wings paraphernalia than in its Greek omelet. Coming up with nothing ourselves, we turned to  the end of the table at our bespectacled hostess, Jess—a stranger, really, who we barely met the night before through friends, and was surprisingly nice enough to put up seven of us for the weekend in her tiny apartment. Jess, however, had only lived in Canada for a year, and apparently did nothing in that year but work and frequent bars. No matter. She’d have to do in place of our iPhones, even if she didn’t actually use one herself. She’d be our Yelp reviews and Google Maps. We prodded her until she remembered the one touristy thing that she could actually recommend: the Kensington Market. People go there, she said. Tourists and locals. They do? Great. We didn’t need technology. We had Jess.</p>
<hr />
<p>The Kensington Market looked something like a medieval street fair for drug addicts. Most of the shops were basically open-air shacks overflowing with random tchotchkes—Canadian Army fatigues, water bongs, racks of knock-off sunglasses. The scent of falafel poured off of deep fryers. Patchouli. Pedestrians packed the streets and sidewalks, often shoulder to shoulder. Cars sauntered past like stubborn mules. Bunge, a strong man with stronger opinions, recommended that we split up and meet after an hour; we’d be hopeless pushing through this crowd as a single entity. So he disappeared, and the rest of us split off into pairs. Mitchell and I immediately grew bored of shopping and accidentally squeezed out of the market, finding the only remarkable thing within a five-block radius: two life-sized ceramic moose perched over a home’s porch, each wearing a Toronto Maple Leafs jersey. Satisfied with the painfully Canadian find, we checked the time and realized we still had 45 minutes to kill, but no way of telling everybody else that we were ready to move on. </p>
<hr />
<p>After everybody finally found each other 45 minutes later, Bunge and Coe recommended renting bicycles from the public racks scattered throughout the city: It’d be a faster way to see Toronto, and it’d at least be something to do. But it was impossible to find seven rentals locked together in one place. If our smartphones worked, we could have used an official app to find seven together within walking distance. But we had already realized that we wouldn’t have things as ridiculously easy as we usually had them. Our white-people problems began rearing their stupid, white faces. </p>
<p>Already feeling aimless by noon, we decided to stop at the Java House on Queens Street to mull over what to do over a couple of pitchers of beer. Beer was easy. Beer didn’t need an app. But while sitting at an outdoor patio on the sidewalk, a pair of irate finches kept dive-bombing our table. We probably should have heeded their warnings then—just given up and stayed inside a bar all day. Because the more we asked, “What should we do today?” the less we figured out. Without some simple technological resources, it was like we already forgot how to answer on our own. When the waitress returned with nachos, we asked her for suggestions: “How aboot the Kensington Market?” she said. Well, thanks. But no thanks. There was a park, though, on an island, Jess  said. She’d never been but it sounded like… something. Mysterious even. But then Jess, our guide, our Internet, our oracle, said she needed to leave us for work for the rest of the day. Standing outside on the sidewalk, Jess wispily said, “A ferry will take you to the island.” And she disappeared completely. </p>
<p>Okay, we said. Okay, but where is the ferry?</p>
<hr />
<p>We walked in the opposite direction of water. Nobody wanted to put their foot down and say, “Let’s just go to this island.” Maybe if we had some random voices out of the ether to tell us ‘yea’ or ‘nay.’ Instead, we ended up at another bar, but it was far worse than the patio with its angry birds. The cavernous room was dark, dank, and full of televisions playing rugby games from around the world. It lent a gloomier mood to the vulnerable feeling already percolating amongst us. Aside from the bartender, only three other people sat in the room: two women and a man in their early 40s. They were getting happily drunk at 2 p.m. Annoyed with our inability to do anything on our own, Coe leaned over and asked these people if they had any recommendations. </p>
<p>“You could go to a bar,” they said. </p>
<p>OK, but what would you do if you only had one day in Toronto? </p>
<p>“You could go to Kensington Market.” </p>
<p>Jesus Christ, we’ve already been to the market. Anything else? </p>
<p>Nothing. Just a trio of drunks. Finally, Mitchell took the reins and said, “Let’s just go to this island.” It’d be good for us. Nature. We’d only seen cities at that point of our trip around the Great Lakes. So with some simple directions from the bartender, we learned that we just needed to get on Bathurst Street two blocks west and it’d take us straight to the ferry. But it was nearly three miles away. So we climbed onto a city bus and, this nearly felt miraculous at this point, it began pulling away. We started feeling like we were actually doing something. We were going to explore something. We only had to wait until 3 p.m. to get our technology-addled minds in order. </p>
<hr />
<p>Stopping a few blocks away from Lake Ontario, we began following signs for the ferry: Something was finally happening. We didn’t need the Internet to figure out what to do. We felt triumphant. The ferry terminal was sparkling, new, busy with ferry-goers, day-trippers. We were one of them. I noticed that a lot of people carried luggage with them. Whatever. That’s not so strange. There must have been a hotel on the island. We crowded onto the escalator to the second floor, smiling, looking forward to the mysteries of this island that nobody seemed to know anything about. Cresting the second floor, a pair of flight attendants in maroon uniforms sat on a bench, curiously watching us walk past. Looking again, we were the only people in the terminal without luggage. Flight attendants? Sensing something was amiss, Coe walked up to the information desk and when he sauntered back to us, he didn’t need to say anything. His sluggish pace already said it: This ferry only went to an airport across the water—no enchanted island by any stretch. The ferry that we wanted was nearly two miles up the waterfront. </p>
<hr />
<p>What the fuck are we going to do now? It was too late in the day to figure this all out before dark. So we walked outside, crestfallen, in the sun. We needed that island so badly. But we didn’t even know if it would have been worthwhile. Jess had never been. The drunks at the bar were baffled when we asked them about it. We didn’t know anything anymore. Maybe even each other: Some of us started eyeing each other, like, Why’d you make us come all the way to this airport? Or, Whose fucking idea was it to come to Toronto? We walked along the waterfront until we crossed the Toronto Music Garden—a manicured swatch of green space between the city and Lake Ontario. </p>
<p>Somewhat bewildered with each other and how wasteful our day had been, we decided it was time to split up again. We just inherently knew that things were going to get tense if we stuck together, complaining to each other about the day. Bunge disappeared to God knows where. Vince, Seth, and Compton sprawled out on a patch of freshly-cut grass and fell asleep like the hapless bums we were slowly becoming. Mitchell and Coe stared at the harbor boats. The sun slowly began setting and it felt as if we really weren’t going to do anything in Toronto. When Coe asked another Canadian if he had any recommendations for tourists, he could only suggest going to the park that we happened to be standing in. </p>
<p>Hoping to ward off some of the atrophy, Mitchell and I ran across the street to grab coffees at a Tim Horton’s, and drank them at a man-made beach on the lake. </p>
<p>It was an odd slab of a sandbox: probably 15-yards wide by 30-yards long. Tall, metal umbrellas sporadically dotted the ground. A young couple felt each other up on a metal chaise lounge in front of us. Mitchell and I discussed how the hell we were going to salvage the day. But nothing came to mind. We discussed how people were starting to feel on edge. We looked across the water at a stretch of land far across the harbor.</p>
<p>“Do you think that’s the island we were going to?”</p>
<p>“I have no idea.”</p>
<p> We didn’t know a goddamn thing in Toronto. </p>
<p style="text-indent: 0; margin-top: 1em;"><em><a href="http://bygonebureau.com/2012/06/13/new-city-no-signal-part-two/">Read part two</a></em></p>
<hr />
<p><em>Photo by <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/philsquires/">philsquires</a></p>
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		<title>The New New Spain</title>
		<link>http://bygonebureau.com/2012/06/04/the-new-new-spain/</link>
		<comments>http://bygonebureau.com/2012/06/04/the-new-new-spain/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 Jun 2012 15:00:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Margaret Plana</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Travel]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bygonebureau.com/?p=9773</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The recession hits Barcelona, where Margaret Plana is just beginning her new job in a dress shop.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/newspain.jpg" alt="newspain" title="newspain" width="512" height="342" class="center" />
<p style="text-indent: 0; margin-top: 1em;">Until today I’ve been dealing just fine with the crisis. Well, perhaps not completely fine, but I’ve accepted the new circumstances. I’ll no longer make money translating web pages or designing postmodern postcards or editing text for rambling museum exhibitions. I’ll no longer eat almost every meal out or get a full pedicure for 35 euros every three weeks in the summer months.</p>
<p>Now I’ll work at a dress shop Monday to Saturday, from 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. I’ll eat my lunch from a Tupperware container, sitting on the curb next to Mercè whose lunch is always a cigarette and a ham sandwich. Now I’ll eat dinner standing up in my kitchen, staring at my husband hunched over the computer, figuring out our budget on an Excel spreadsheet.</p>
<p>On the bright side, I’ll be thinner than ever before. And working at the dress shop won’t really be that bad. The days will go by quickly and sometimes I’ll get the chance to study the pretty patterns on the fabric cover of the mannequins as I change their clothes.</p>
<p>Being fortunate in many ways myself, I won’t be jealous of the women who still have money to buy dresses. Some will be French or Argentine. Others will be Spanish, but still able to pay 200 euros for a nicely made dress, cut to make anyone’s waist look tiny.</p>
<p>I won’t be bothered by these women because even they are kind and careful now. Measured in their consumption. Saying, under their breath, or to their companion, that it really is a lot of money, but better to buy one nice item than five at Zara. Today, one woman, with a pinched nose and bright blue eyes, will turn to me and say, “It’s really buying all those cheap clothes from China that got us into this mess, isn’t it?”</p>
<p>I’ll nod in agreement because it is understood that this is a collective mess, that we all lived beyond our means.</p>
<p>I’ll smooth the pile of dresses the woman has discarded, and begin to count my blessings, such as the fact that I don’t work for Zara, or that I wasn’t held up at knifepoint last Wednesday, like Mercè was as she was closing the dress shop.</p>
<p>The man, who apparently was very tall but very thin, slipped the knife into Mercè’s mouth gently. There was just a little blood at the right corner of her plump lip when I walked into the emergency room. Mercè looked prettier than ever there, in the fluorescent light, a policeman’s jacket draped over her narrow shoulders. The policeman looked like holy hell.</p>
<p>Today, Tuesday, is Mercè’s first day back to work and she seems fine. We’re just lucky to have jobs, she says as she pulls some fat off her ham. I click my Tupperware shut and think, just for a second, of my husband at home, of his slumped shoulders, of him not getting paid month after month, and of his bosses in their white hardhats, year after year, shaking hands and stuffing crisp Euro bills in envelopes and how that woman had said it was really <em>all of our</em> fault for buying things from China.</p>
<p>Mercè stands up and asks if she looks alright, if there are any noticeable dark circles under her eyes. I smile and say you look divine.</p>
<p>I leave work at nine on the dot, and head home, walking through Plaça Reial, which is full of Chelsea soccer fans, drunk and red-faced and falling into me.</p>
<p>I was okay until today, until I saw Peter at the corner of Plaça Reial and Carrer Ferran, staring sadly at the British. Peter from Nigeria who is fifty-some-years old and moved to Spain in 1993, a year after the Barcelona Olympics. He owns the African grocery store in our neighborhood and two other stores in the suburbs. Or at least he used to. He speaks an excellent Catalan with certain English vowel sounds, just like me. What, I wonder, is he doing in a security guard uniform, patrolling an Irish bar on stinky Carrer Ferran?  He always parks his navy blue Volvo sedan in front of our building, greets all the old ladies, checks in on his employees, and brags to anyone who will listen about his son who’s studying to be a doctor, a surgeon I think. I guess, in reality, I haven’t seen him or his car on our street for months.</p>
<p>I’ve been okay with the crisis until today when I did see Peter. Until I saw him and just kept walking, unable to say hello, pushing my way through the sea of soccer fans, unable to admit to myself, or to Peter, or to my husband, or to Mercè, or even to that tired boy-faced policeman, that absolutely everything has changed.</p>
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<p><em>Photo courtesy of <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/adamfowler/">Adam Fowler</a></em></p>
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		<title>The Rust Belt of France: Marseille</title>
		<link>http://bygonebureau.com/2012/05/23/the-rust-belt-of-france-marseille/</link>
		<comments>http://bygonebureau.com/2012/05/23/the-rust-belt-of-france-marseille/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 May 2012 18:00:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John Daniel Davidson</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[The Rust Belt of France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Travel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[highlight]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bygonebureau.com/?p=9749</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[John Daniel Davidson visits the city that has been unceremoniously nicknamed "the Detroit of France."]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This winter, my wife and I caught a ride to Marseille with a friend and asked to be dropped off at the Vieux-Port, the teeming center of France&#8217;s oldest city.</p>
<p><img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/marseille01.jpg" alt="marseille01" title="marseille01" width="300" height="400" class="alignright size-full wp-image-9760" />I&#8217;d always had the vague impression that Marseille was a gritty, crime-ridden mob town, an impression based partly on <em>The French Connection</em> and partly on what French friends had told me. My wife and I had been living about three hours west of Marseille, in the economically depressed Languedoc-Roussillon region — the Rust Belt of France — and we wanted to visit what we&#8217;d heard was essentially the Detroit of France.</p>
<p>But we&#8217;d also heard the recent buzz about Marseille, that it&#8217;s supposedly shaking off its reputation as a drug-infested underworld and becoming cosmopolitan and multicultural and cool. The European Union named Marseille the European Capital of Culture for 2013, and the city is spending hundred of millions of euros to build two new museums, renovate industrial buildings and neighborhoods, and put on a huge program of festivals and exhibitions next year.</p>
<p>So we didn&#8217;t really know what to expect. As we drove into the city we saw the crown jewel of Marseille&#8217;s 2013 overhaul, the massive Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilization, under construction at Fort Saint-Jean, the entrance to the Vieux-Port. Along the waterfront, fish mongers were selling the day&#8217;s catch and people were crowding into cafés to drink <em>pastis</em> and watch the sailboats come and go in the bright sun. The basilica of Notre-Dame de la Guarde loomed over the city from a limestone outcropping to the south, its massive copper and gold statue of the Madonna and Child gleaming from atop the bell tower. It was warm and pleasant to stroll along the ancient harbor and watch the boats pass by, and Marseille didn&#8217;t seem that bad after all.</p>
<p>But then we strolled into the city to find the apartment we&#8217;d rented for our visit, and things quickly changed.</p>
<p>We walked a few blocks east from the Vieux-Port and soon found ourselves in the garbage-strewn, crime-infested neighborhood of Noailles, the focal point of a recent and ongoing crime wave. A little further in, up some graffiti-covered steps that lead to the bohemian enclave of Cours Julien, police were arresting a group of young people. Looking around, it didn&#8217;t seem like millions of euros were being spent to restore crumbling neighborhoods, at least not this one.</p>
<p>Beyond Cours Julien was our apartment, nestled on a quiet street, but just in case we asked the proprietor if there were any places we should avoid.</p>
<p>&#8220;No. It is very safe, all of central Marseille is safe,&#8221; she said. Then she pointed to a map and drew a line with her finger, just east of where we were. &#8220;But do not go beyond here. It&#8217;s not so good, and there is nothing for you to see.&#8221;</p>
<hr />
<p>As France&#8217;s largest port, Marseille has always been a melting pot of cultures and people. Its position on the continent makes it a gateway to the Mediterranean, North Africa, and the Middle East, and throughout its long history the city has absorbed successive waves of immigrants — Italians, Corsicans, Armenians, Turks, and Maghrebis.</p>
<p>This last group is by far the largest and most recent. When the Algerian war ended in 1962, about 150,000 <em>Pied-Noirs</em> fled Algeria and settled in Marseille. Through the 1960s and &#8217;70s, an estimated two million Muslim North Africans migrated to the city, although no one knows for sure how many now live there because French law forbids collecting information on a person&#8217;s race, ethnicity, or religion. In France, &#8220;ethnic minority&#8221; isn&#8217;t a recognized concept; the only thing that officially counts is being French.</p>
<p>Which is strange and deleterious, because for the last fifty years France has done little to control the mass immigration of Muslims from its former African colonies, and even less to integrate them. Official insouciance about ethnicity and religion is an unfortunate symptom of France&#8217;s universalist approach to immigration, which eschews multiculturalism and, in cities like Paris and Montpellier, has created de facto segregation, with unassimilated immigrant populations concentrated in decrepit suburban <em>banileues</em>.</p>
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<img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/marseille02.jpg" alt="marseille02" title="marseille02" width="512" height="384" class="center" />
<p>But they haven&#8217;t been able to do that in Marseille. The city is squeezed between the mountains and the sea, and there simply isn&#8217;t room to build far-off <em>banileues</em>. Segregation, thankfully, isn&#8217;t an option. Instead, immigrant neighborhoods are right in the city center, and everyone is sort of thrown in together.</p>
<p>You would think this would be a good thing, that everyone being forced to live on top of each other would encourage integration and tolerance, that white Marseillais would accept their Muslim neighbors as fellow countrymen and that immigrant Muslims would strive to become fully-participating members of society. But it hasn&#8217;t really worked out that way. Walking through the neighborhoods around the Viuex-Port — Noailles, Thiers, Chapitre — you get the sense that Marseille isn&#8217;t so much <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2012/03/22/islam-in-the-melting-pot-of-marseille-13">a model</a> for <a href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2012/03/marseille/dickey-text/1">multicultural integration</a> as it is a Balkanized city rife with social and cultural tensions. </p>
<p>I told a French friend of mine that we were planning to visit Marseille and she didn&#8217;t understand why. &#8220;There is nothing to see,&#8221; she said. &#8220;You can climb the steps to the church, and the view is very nice, <em>très joli</em>. But besides this, there is no reason to go.&#8221;</p>
<p>I asked her about the city and she said, &#8220;There are many immigrants, many Muslims. But they have many problems because the mayor is racist.&#8221; She pronounced it <em>rah-seest</em>, and was adamant. &#8220;He is a very big <em>rah-seest</em>, with Sarkozy. They are great friends. They hate the Muslim.&#8221;</p>
<p>(Marseille&#8217;s mayor is 72-year-old Jean-Claude Gaudin of the center-right UMP party. He was elected in 1995 and has since won reelection twice.)</p>
<p>&#8220;But if there are so many Muslim immigrants, how did he become mayor?&#8221; I asked. &#8220;Why did they vote for him, if he is a racist?&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;Oh,&#8221; she said with a wave of her hand. &#8220;They do not vote.&#8221;</p>
<hr />
<p>Multicultural integration has failed in Marseille, <a href="http://www.tnr.com/article/books-and-arts/magazine/103080/europe-islamist-immigration-islamophobia">as it has elsewhere in Europe</a>, and the city is now dealing with the harsh economic and social realities of a large, unassimilated immigrant population that suffers from staggeringly high unemployment rates — reported to be as high as 40 percent in some <em>arrondissements</em> among second-generation Maghrebi youth.</p>
<p>Crime rates have risen along with unemployment, and since the beginning of last year Marseille has been in the throes of an intense crime wave. In December, five different people, including a police officer, were gunned down in separate incidents, all of them with AK-47s. Marseille is a city with less than a million people.</p>
<p>News reports say the violence is partly due to escalating turf wars between drug gangs, which are <a href="http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/1476391-marseille-new-drug-empire?utm_source=dlvr.it&#038;utm_medium=twitter">so well organized</a> they are thought to be the real reason there was no rioting in Marseille in 2005, when the <em>banileues</em> of Paris were burning. The quiet had nothing to do with cultural harmony or tolerance; drug dealers didn&#8217;t want anything to disrupt business so they kept the ghettos and housing projects quiet.</p>
<hr />
<p>The morning we left the city, we accidentally turned down an unfamiliar street on our way to the Gare Saint-Charles and found ourselves in a strangely quiet neighborhood we&#8217;d never seen before.</p>
<p>We walked past a middle-aged woman in a long coat sitting on a stoop smoking. She was wearing thigh-high boots and a short skirt. Ahead of us, two more women dressed the same way stood on the opposite street corner. We&#8217;d wandered into one of Marseille&#8217;s red-light districts on a weekday morning, and for the next five or six blocks there was no one on the streets except us and prostitutes in thigh-high boots and short skirts, standing around looking bored. Most of them were in their forties or fifties. The only man we saw was a rough-looking guy who came out of a building, yelled at one of the women, and then went back inside.</p>
<p>Earlier that morning, we hiked up to Notre-Dame de la Guarde, the iconic church we&#8217;d seen towering over the city on our first day. We climbed up hundreds of steps, and once we were on the church&#8217;s ramparts we had a 360-degree view of Marseille, the entire city  perched between the mountains and sea, magnificent in the Mediterranean sun.</p>
<p>If you turn toward the sea, you can see the walls of the Château d&#8217;If rising from the bright blue water in the distance. If you turn toward the basilica, you almost have to sheild your eyes from its brilliant white marble façade. Looking down from that height, a saltwater haze envelops the coastline and the city, and it&#8217;s hard to imagine Marseille as a violent or troubled place; it looks rather like a European capital of culture, ancient and serene and confident.</p>
<p>As I took in the view, it struck me that the city has been both blessed and cursed by its geography: it has forced everyone to live together, but the living hasn&#8217;t been easy. The accident of Marseille&#8217;s natural features holds out promise that both integration and multiculturalism might be possible there, despite all its troubles. If the city can control crime and lower unemployment, if it can break from French tradition and find ways to integrate and engage its minorities, then it might well become a place that France and all of Europe could look to for inspiration. </p>
<p>But wishing the city to be a multicultural haven, or calling it one, doesn&#8217;t make it so. As it is, Marseille is a model for urban failure and social disintegration. Its crime and unemployment are the consequences of official neglect and a failed immigration policy — the same policy that has ringed France&#8217;s other cities with segregated, seething banileues.</p>
<p>Marseille might not be segregated, but it is a ghetto. From a distance, though, the view is very nice. <em>Très joli</em>.</p>
<img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/marseille03.jpg" alt="marseille03" title="marseille03" width="512" height="384" class="center" />
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		<title>The Rust Belt of France: Montpellier</title>
		<link>http://bygonebureau.com/2012/04/25/the-rust-belt-of-france-montpellier/</link>
		<comments>http://bygonebureau.com/2012/04/25/the-rust-belt-of-france-montpellier/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Apr 2012 14:00:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John Daniel Davidson</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[The Rust Belt of France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Travel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[highlight]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bygonebureau.com/?p=9656</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In his new series about the lesser-known cities of France, John Daniel Davidson and his wife move to Montpellier.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My wife and I have been living in France for the past nine months in a city near the Mediterranean coast. But it&#8217;s not quite what you think. It&#8217;s not Paris, or the French Riviera, or some quaint little town surrounded by vineyards in the countryside.</p>
<p>We live in Montpellier, the largest city in France&#8217;s poorest region, the Languedoc-Roussillon, which has the highest jobless rate in a country that just hit a twelve-year high for unemployment.</p>
<p>In other words, we live in the Rust Belt of France.</p>
<img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/montpellier01.jpg" alt="montpellier01" title="montpellier01" width="300" height="400" class="alignright size-full wp-image-9659" />
<p>Before we moved here we had, like most Americans, imagined France to be a place of bustling outdoor cafés, sprawling esplanades, grands chateaux, fois gras, and day-drinking. And we&#8217;ve found this to be partly true. We live in the heart of Montpellier&#8217;s well-kept medieval <em>centre ville</em>, in the fifth-floor apartment of an 18th-century building with stone floors and a spiral staircase. The streets outside are narrow and winding, wide enough for small French cars but narrow enough to leap from rooftop to rooftop, like Jason Bourne. We buy fresh-baked baguettes from the <em>boulangerie</em> every morning. We drink cafés out of tiny cups. Sometimes we have wine with lunch. In a lot ways we live in the idyllic France we&#8217;d always imagined, and it&#8217;s great.</p>
<p>But there&#8217;s another France down here in the Languedoc-Roussillon that permeates our idyllic France. It&#8217;s the France of nomadic crustpunks and jobless graduates and teenage beggars who pretend to be handicapped. It&#8217;s the France of disproportionately large numbers of crazy, homeless drunks and their scraggly dogs. It&#8217;s a place where entire neighborhoods and cities of unassimilated North African immigrants live in ghettos outside the prosperous urban centers, ignored and forgotten by mainstream French society.</p>
<p>If you&#8217;re able to look past all its problems, though, Montpellier itself is a lovely city — one of the best in the south of France. We feel safe and welcome (something we can&#8217;t say about other places in the Languedoc-Roussillon, or Marseilles), and despite everything Montpellier is a place we really enjoy most of the time, which is a good thing because in the end there&#8217;s no way to ignore its troubles; you have to learn to live with them, no matter how much reality clashes with your expectations.</p>
<hr />
<p>We moved here because the university my wife attends offered her the opportunity to teach for a year at the University of Montpellier, situated less than an hour&#8217;s drive from the Mediterranean coast. We knew nothing about Montpellier and I spoke very little French, but the idea of spending a year in the south of France was compelling. She would take a break from her graduate studies to teach, I would spend time writing, teaching English, and learning French. We would stroll through <em>les places</em> by day and drink wine on terraces by night. Our year in France was going to be perfect.</p>
<p>And then we got here. We didn&#8217;t know much about the city&#8217;s neighborhoods, and during our first week we rented a room in the Figuerolles-Gambetta section, only a few blocks from <em>centre ville</em>. Our dilapidated two-story house sat on a corner and faced an abandoned, graffiti-lined lot on one side and a row of fish mongers and kebab shops on the other. The store signs were all in Arabic, and after sundown there were no women or children on the streets and the men sat outside drinking tea and talking. This wasn&#8217;t the France we&#8217;d been expecting; it felt like we&#8217;d gotten on a train in Paris and stepped off somewhere in Algeria or Tunisia.</p>
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<img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/montpellier02.jpg" alt="montpellier02" title="montpellier02" width="512" height="384" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-9660" />
<p style="text-indent: 0; margin-top: 1em;">The trouble with Figuerolles-Gambetta is not that it&#8217;s an immigrant neighborhood, but that immigrants here are not really integrated into French society and most of them live in isolated, economically-depressed enclaves, like the infamous suburban housing projects that ring Paris, <em>les banlieues</em>, which erupted in riots in 2005.</p>
<p>Montpellier, like most other French cities, has its own <em>petite banileue</em> at the end of the tramline, in Mosson, where in the 1960s the city built a series of public housing projects on what was fallow scrubland, far removed from the city center. The idea was to repatriate and integrate <em>Pieds-Noirs</em>, French nationals who fled Algeria after the war, and accommodate a huge number of Muslim refugees and immigrants from the Maghreb.</p>
<p>It didn&#8217;t work. The city&#8217;s population almost doubled between 1960 and 1970, and Mosson quickly turned into an over-crowded ghetto. Today, the entire neighborhood looks like a developing country: a cluster of decrepit apartment towers overlook graffitied housing complexes with small balconies draped in drying laundry and satellite dishes bolted to crumbling concrete façades.</p>
<p>Every Sunday in Mosson there&#8217;s a sprawling flea market. Vendors spread out their wares on tarps — everything from piles of used clothes to stolen car-door mirrors and headlights — and haggle over prices. Most of it is just normal stuff people need to survive: clothes, tools, random household items. But there&#8217;s also little oddities, like a WWI French propaganda magazine I bought for just one euro, which seemed really cheap until I realized that there weren&#8217;t a lot of other people there interested in official French government propaganda.</p>
<p>Mosson, like all of France&#8217;s <em>banlieues</em>, is the unhappy result of the country&#8217;s strict universalist model for assimilating foreigners, in which citizenship is supposed to trump ethnic, racial, and religious identity. That looks good on paper, but in France integration has always been a fiction if you&#8217;re non-white or Muslim. A French Algerian friend of mine told me that it&#8217;s common for North African immigrants to change their names if they become doctors or a lawyers because most French people will not go to someone with a foreign name on their office door.</p>
<p>This same friend — whose French-born father-in-law doesn&#8217;t consider her truly French because her parents emigrated from Algeria in the &#8217;70s — said she was shocked to hear immigrants in New York talk about how they were proud to be Americans and how they loved the United States. No French immigrant would ever say such a thing, she told me, because France does not love them, and so they do not love France.</p>
<hr />
<p>Montpellier&#8217;s problems, of course, aren&#8217;t confined to Mosson but extend into the heart of <em>centre ville</em>. One of the main commercial arteries is Rue de la Loge, a wide street lined with ornate 19th-century buildings that runs from the Préfecture, the seat of government for the Languedoc-Roussillon, to the Place de la Comédie, an enormous public square and the focal point of the city, anchored by a large, beautiful 18th-century fountain called The Three Graces.</p>
<p>The Comédie and Rue de la Loge are elegant and charming and represent the best of Montpellier. They are also, unfortunately, frequented by gangs of drunk crustpunks and their dogs, and quasi-homeless guys playing old-timey blues songs on ukuleles. (The ukulele players are actually pretty good guys, for the most part.)</p>
<p>And although we have homeless people and crustpunks in the United States, it&#8217;s nothing like in Montpellier, where there are far more of what the French call SDF (<em>sans domicile fixe</em>, or homeless) than there should be for a city with a population of less than 300,000. Walking down Rue de la Loge or through the Comédie on any given day you can see more than one small encampment of able-bodied, dreadlocked guys and girls sitting on dirty backpacks drinking malt liquor tallboys. Sometimes on the weekend they&#8217;ll spread all their stuff out in the entryway of a closed storefront or in front of The Three Graces fountain and camp out all day, pissing in the street and raising hell.</p>
<p>A certain group of crustpunks hang out and drink in front of a grocery store on the Comédie with their dogs. Most of the time they&#8217;re aggressively, drunkenly arguing with each other or beating the dogs, making the grocery store a place to dread (but we still have to go there because it&#8217;s the only one in <em>centre ville</em>). The reason they all keep dogs is because the police are required to place dogs in protective care if they arrest the owners, which I guess is a bureaucratic headache, so instead the cops just turn a blind eye.</p>
<p>I should point out that not all homeless people here are rabble-rousing crustpunks; some of them suffer from serious mental illness and are in dire need of help. About month ago a homeless guy grabbed a knife from a café table in the Comédie and stabbed himself three times in the heart. He died a few minutes later in the nearby esplanade, the knife still stuck in his chest.</p>
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<img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/montpellier03.jpg" alt="montpellier03" title="montpellier03" width="300" height="400" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-9661" />
<p>Like much of France&#8217;s Rust Belt, Montpellier is also home to a large number of Roma, also known in France as <em>gens du voyage</em> (travelers) or gypsies — a term that&#8217;s not considered an offensive ethnic slur in France the way it sometimes is in the U.S., but which, given everything else I&#8217;ve learned about French society, isn&#8217;t really saying that much.</p>
<p>In Montpellier, Roma have various methods of begging and busking that involve children and teenagers. Sitting at a café on the Comédie, it&#8217;s common for Roma girls no older than four or five to come around with a plastic cup or an open hand and ask for change while their parents play music in the square, and we usually give them something.</p>
<p>The scheme of Roma teenagers, however, is a bit more cynical. They solicit donations for a bogus charity for people with hearing and speech disabilities, which they do by pretending to be deaf or mute. They approach carrying a clipboard with a photocopied form on it and begin making sounds meant to imitate someone with a hearing disability, signaling to give them cash or write down your credit card information.</p>
<p>During one of our first weeks here we saw one Roma teenager try this on a person who was actually disabled and who became very angry and started berating the kid, who just ran away. But usually they&#8217;re pretty forceful and have no qualms about getting right in your face with the clipboard. This has happened to me five or six times, and at first I tried saying in French that I didn&#8217;t speak French, but they would just say, &#8220;English? German?&#8221; So now I just shake my head and pretend I&#8217;m deaf.</p>
<p>And that&#8217;s kind of what the French do; they play deaf and blind to the glaring social problems around them, preferring instead to think of their country in the same idealized terms my wife and I once thought of it. It&#8217;s almost possible to do this in Montpellier if you never go to Mosson or Figuerolles-Gambetta, or if you steer clear of the crustpunks and shoo away the Roma kids—almost possible, but not quite. The stark reality of France is, ultimately, all around you, sleeping and dying in the streets, begging for money, looming in the distance at the end of the tramline, out in the crumbling <em>banlieues</em>.</p>
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		<title>Cycling South: Over and Out</title>
		<link>http://bygonebureau.com/2012/03/30/cycling-south-over-and-out/</link>
		<comments>http://bygonebureau.com/2012/03/30/cycling-south-over-and-out/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Mar 2012 14:00:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ben Bateman</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cycling South]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Travel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[highlight]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bygonebureau.com/?p=9519</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[At the close of his trek across South America, Ben Bateman is looking for the life lesson of his travel experience.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sam and I crest our final climb early in the afternoon. At 10,000 feet the sky is a bright blue, now patched with bleached-white clouds. After four months of deserts and jungles, flats and fights, we’re a short glide from Quito, Ecuador, where we’ll catch a flight home.</p>
<p>We pause at the top of the pass to eat animal crackers and oranges. Our breaks to chat and snack have become so regular that “20k?” — the distance between breaks and therefore our parting question — has become a mantra. Staring at the 10,000 kilometers behind us, I imagine the trail of fruit we’ve left behind, a line of mango pits and banana peels stretching across the continent. We’re a misguided Hansel and Gretel if there ever were, though headed toward what witch I couldn’t say.</p>
<p>The road behind me demands explanation, some cathartic statement to codify its lessons. I have nothing. I expected this trip to change my life. It has, but I can’t articulate how. It’s a question I’m willing to leave for later; for now, I’m just ready to go home.</p>
<p>Life on the bike is irreconcilably different from the life that came before. I can remember most days with unparalleled clarity. Each one brings new characters and towns in a rush of unrelenting novelty. Even our routines — stopping for lunch or setting up camp — vary wildly from day to day. With this level of detail, and without a mental shorthand to catalogue it as “just another Wednesday”, each day stretches beyond its bracket, seems to fill a week in memory. After months of this, it seems as if my life has been spent on bike. It’s even more distinct because no aspects of my previous life cross over. I left my friends, hobbies, and jobs behind, and from here that past belongs to a different person. I remember names and faces, dates, and places, but I can’t place myself in it. If I can’t say how this trip has changed me because I can’t recall who I was before.</p>
<p>We finish the crackers, mount our bikes, and ride towards Quito.</p>
<hr />
<p>Our estimates, as usual, are off. Only 20k to Quito, certainly, but it’s a peculiar city. Nestled in a narrow Andean valley, the city — as a fourth grader might put it — is hot-dog shaped. There are obvious benefits to this: a set of street cars running the length of the city get you close to everything, and it’s hard to get too lost. We soon realize that our destination, Parque de la Carolina, is on the far side of the city.</p>
<p>It takes two hours to navigate the labyrinthine roads. When we reach the park, we find a circus of street vendors and screaming children. We didn’t expect fanfare, but this is particularly anticlimactic. We wheel our bikes to an open bench, grab cups of fruit and cream from a stand nearby, and watch families enjoying their Sunday at the park. It comes together then, makes sense that we’ve ended out trip as we lived it: dirty, spandexed, and ignored.</p>
<hr />
<div id="attachment_9521" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 522px"><img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/out01.jpg" alt="" title="out01" width="512" height="341" class="size-full wp-image-9521" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Me and Sam in Plaza de la Independencia in Quito. We're holding a shirt from Hostel Ushuai, which we carried for 6,000 miles.</p></div>
<p>We find a hostel, clean up, and set about finding food. The hostel owner, an aggressively friendly man in a blue-and-white track suit, points us to the sushi restaurant next door. The restaurant is empty but for two girls in their early twenties. My ears perk when I hear them speaking English. After months of stumbling through my broken Spanish in a quixotic attempt to charm, this seems like a stroke of grand luck, a final chance at a traveling tryst. A quick glance at Sam confirms his shared enthusiasm.</p>
<p>As I fumble with my chopsticks, wondering if I can open a conversation with “so we just biked here from the Southern tip of South America” without sounding like an ass (hint: I can’t), Sam clears his throat, smiles, and loudly asks, “Where are you guys from?”</p>
<p>The girls turn to us, and their faces quickly shift from surprise to disappointment. “Canada,” one replies. “We’re here for school.” We press the issue, but they don’t see the charm of scruffy, fish-guzzling man. They’re exuberant when, after a scant minute, their friends arrive, sit down, and form a wall of disinterested women. Sam and I turn back to our sushi, thwarted. We pay as soon as possible. Sam leaves to wander Quito in the rain while I retired to the hotel room to feel bad about myself.</p>
<hr />
<p>We wake up early to meet a stranger in the park. His name is Axel. We found him through WarmShowers.org, a couch surfing analog for touring cyclists, and he’s offered to let us camp on his patio until we leave on Wednesday. We’re only in the park for a few minutes before he pulls up on his bike. He’s in his early thirties, with a shaved head and a rakish goatee. We exchange enthusiastic handshakes, talk about our trip for a few minutes, and mount our bikes to follow him home.</p>
<p>As soon as we’re in the gate, we’re introduced to Andrea, Axel’s girlfriend and owner of the apartment. We soon find that Axel himself is a visiting cyclist, though one infinitely more skilled at the traveler’s tryst than we. He met Andrea on the road three months ago, the two fell madly love, and he’s been living here since. We also meet Jeanie, one of Andrea’s friends, who’s sleeping on the couch while her divorce goes through. Sven arrives the next day, which means there will be six people staying in this one-room apartment.</p>
<p>It’s magical. Andrea and Axel are incredibly kind, and their obvious excitement of each other is infectious. Between our sojourns into the city for bike-sized boxes, we enjoy home-cooked Ecuadorian meals, impromptu lessons on Spanish grammar, and a going away party. After three fantastic days, it’s finally time to leave. </p>
<p>It’s almost 2:45 in the morning. I’m lying awake on the floor, listening to the rain, when my watch alarm goes off. Our flight leaves at seven, and we need to be at the airport by three; our taxi will be here in a few minutes. Sam and I try to move quietly, but our rustling soon wakes the sleepers. We’re rushing to get out in time, dragging and re-taping boxes (they’re more tape than cardboard now), juggling snacks, all the while saying goodbye to all of our new friends.</p>
<p>It’s the most difficult to say goodbye is to Sven, our traveling companion of three weeks. Though we little context for each other off the bike, we’ve a shared a strange and transformative experience, and I’m struck again with the need to say something grandiose. This is where the story should hit a dramatic high note, where the flurry of experience is distilled into meaning.</p>
<p>Of course it doesn’t happen. In our fumble to leave the apartment Sam drops a bottle of chocolate milk, and we spend out last minutes with Sven picking glass off the floor. When we hug goodbye we trade goofy grins, not words of wisdom. It’s a reminder that real adventures don’t wrap up a character arc with a tidy emotional catharsis. They just end.</p>
<p>Sam and I climb into the taxi, wave a final goodbye, and drive into the empty streets. We’re home 24 hours later.</p>
<div id="attachment_9522" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 522px"><img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/out02.jpg" alt="" title="out02" width="512" height="384" class="size-full wp-image-9522" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Sven, me, Sam, and Axel </p></div>
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		<title>Cycling South: Georgie</title>
		<link>http://bygonebureau.com/2012/02/10/cycling-south-georgie/</link>
		<comments>http://bygonebureau.com/2012/02/10/cycling-south-georgie/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 10 Feb 2012 14:00:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ben Bateman</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cycling South]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Travel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[highlight]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bygonebureau.com/?p=9299</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In Ecuador, Ben Bateman makes a friend, eats sausage, and stops being afraid.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I want to love Ecuador, but after our unfortunate encounter with the cartel in the morning and an afternoon of relentless climbing through the cloud forests, I’m discouraged. Even when Sam, Sven, and I finally reach the sleepy town of Celica, perched high on an Andean ridge, we’re greeted with a burst of rain.</p>
<p>By the time I shower and leave the hostel, the sun has set and the clouds have settled into a thick fog in the streets. Fluorescent bulbs cast an eerie half-light I associate with ghosts and the London wharves of Disney’s <em>The Great Mouse Detective</em>. Though I raid pastry shops, watch cheery locals play basketball, and fill myself with warm lamb stew, I can’t escape the feeling that something sinister lurks just beyond my view.</p>
<div id="attachment_9301" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 522px"><img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/georgie01.jpg" alt="georgie01" title="georgie01" width="512" height="341" class="size-full wp-image-9301" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Georgie, his wife Eva, a boy we suspect is dating Pilar, and his niece Pilar.</p></div>
<p>The next day we descend from the cool mountaintops into humid banana plantations. The roads switch from bumpy to muddy, and I have to stop several times to clean a thick layer of clay from my gears. The afternoon drags to a close,  I’m glad to catch up to Sam and Sven stopping to rest at a roadside market. They’re chatting with a squat Ecuadorian man. When this stranger sees me he pauses and, with an enthusiastic handshake, introduces himself as Georgie. He’s the owner of the market, and he’s offered to let us stay here for the night.</p>
<hr />
<p>After Georgie closes up shop, he takes us on a quick tour of his property. Though his market is adjacent to the highway, he owns farmland that stretches further into the valley, where his house sits amidst fields of banana trees and cocoa beans. His wife, Eva, and visiting teenage niece, Pilar, come outside to meet us before we’re brought back our quarters above the market. The building is made of cinderblocks and mortar. We’ll be sleeping on the second floor, which is under construction and accessible from an outdoor staircase. Georgie tell us he’d like to turn it into a hostel, but it still needs a lot of work.</p>
<p>He’s right. We haul our gear upstairs to a nearly empty room with only a small mattress, its mosquito net, and a Disney princess comforter. The windows and doors are unornamented holes leading out to a thin concrete ledge. A large square hole in the middle of the floor opens into the market, and I can’t imagine its purpose beyond terrifying second-story sleepers. It’s perfect.</p>
<p>I set up my tent on the floor and head out to find a shower. Pilar finds me wandering and guides me to a tall concrete basin between the market and the house. A thick plastic pipe arches out of the ground next to it and is suspended at chest-level by a post. I move to aim the pipe into the basin, but Pilar scoffs at me. She turns on the water and angles the pipe even further from the basin. The water pours copiously into the soil. I’ll be washing in the open.</p>
<p>Without the scant protection of the basin’s walls, I’m forced to abandon what few shreds of modesty remain after three months of wearing only spandex. I hover at the edge of the basin, strip down, and edge into the water. I feel lighter as pounds of accumulated grimed fall off of me.</p>
<p>Eva and Pilar chat on the porch nearby. Though they’re ostensibly facing in the other direction, my shower is punctuated by a series of disconcerting giggles. I rinse, wrap myself in a towel, and return to my tent blushing.</p>
<hr />
<p>Shortly after dark, Georgie comes by and offers to drive us into town for dinner. We agree, excited. We meet the family at their aging pickup truck a few minutes later. Georgie motions for us to get into the back and climbs into the cab with Eva.</p>
<p>The truck has foot-tall wooden walls extending upwards from its bed, and the back is full of cocoa cuttings in small pots and two plastic boxes of trash. There’s no room to sit or stand. I’m baffled until Pilar climbs up a tire to perch on the wooden railing, dangling her legs over the cocoa cuttings and beckoning us to join her. I climb up to my perilous perch, the truck shudders to life, and we jitter forth into the night.</p>
<div id="attachment_9302" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 522px"><img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/georgie02.jpg" alt="georgie02" title="georgie02" width="512" height="341" class="size-full wp-image-9302" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Pots of breakfast meat stew in front of the market the next morning as Sam preps his bike.</p></div>
<p>Though we never top 20 mph, the ride is exhilarating. From our high vantage point the valley is a sprinkling of lights under a swirl of stars and scattered clouds. Sam and I are at the front of the bed, resting our hands on the roof of the cab. It’s too loud to hear each other speak, but Sam and I share a grin as the truck sways underneath; we both know <em>exactly</em> how much our mothers would disapprove. We look back to check on Sven and Pilar. She’s trying to explain something to him, but her shouting is muffled by the wind, and Sven can only shake his head and smile.</p>
<p>When we reach the very outskirts of town, its few lights visible but still distant, Georgie pulls the car to the side of the road, opens his window, and shouts, “Throw out the garbage!” Sven is sitting closest to the curb, and I can see his sad realization as Pilar chimes, “That’s what I was trying to say.” We’re all against littering, a disposition that’s only been reinforced by months of camping in the impromptu dumps that grow to the side of South American highways, but Sven is militant. Weighing the responsibilities of citizen and guests, he looks to Sam and I for guidance. We shrug.</p>
<p>Sven upends the first box it into the foliage. I expect him to cringe, but he doesn’t even seem upset. He dumps the second box, returns it to it’s perch, and turns back to Sam and me, smiling like he’s gotten away with something. Georgie honks approvingly and we start moving towards town again.</p>
<hr />
<div id="attachment_9303" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 522px"><img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/georgie03.jpg" alt="georgie03" title="georgie03" width="512" height="341" class="size-full wp-image-9303" /><p class="wp-caption-text">We get a group photo with Georgie and family before we head deeper into the banana plantations.</p></div>
<p>The town is small but lively. Old men laugh outside the general store, and passersby dot the sidewalks. Georgie parks near one of the few streetlights, and we hop out to eat. </p>
<p>Our dinner spot is a barbecue on the sidewalk. It’s ringed by a few plastic lawn chairs and tended by a smiling old lady. It smells fantastic. Georgie orders us all sausages, which are grilled with plantains, peppers, and grey chunks of something that might be meat. Sam, Sven, and I eat our bowls in seconds, which amazes Georgie and family. Wide-eyed, they encourage us to eat more. We oblige, and after finishing a second round (and a third for Sven) we grab some ice cream at the local market and return to the farm.</p>
<p>We say goodnight to the family and retreat our quarters. I’m woken briefly in the middle of the night by Sven’s curses; his sleeping pad fell through the hole into the market. As I chuckle in my tent, listening to him tiptoe over to steal Sam’s pad, the last of my cartel-inspired distrust melts away. Ecuador seems less a menace than a well-meaning prankster, implicating you in drug crimes one day and offering a room, dinner, and enthusiastic company the next.</p>
<p>It’s not ideal, but it’s beautiful, and I’m willing to suffer a lot for a sausage dinner.</p>
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		<title>The Valley: America&#8217;s First Serial Killer</title>
		<link>http://bygonebureau.com/2011/11/11/americas-first-serial-killer/</link>
		<comments>http://bygonebureau.com/2011/11/11/americas-first-serial-killer/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Nov 2011 14:00:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jeff Merrion</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[The Valley]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Travel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[highlight]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bygonebureau.com/?p=8959</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Jeff Merrion gives an oral history of the country's first serial murderer whose legend has been doomed to obscurity.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="http://bygonebureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/serial_killer.jpg" alt="Photo by Tony Poole" title="Photo by Tony Poole" width="512" height="384" class="center" />
<p style="text-indent: 0; margin-top: 1em;">Catholicism indelibly shaped much of the history of the San Luis Valley — it even informed the actions of the Valley&#8217;s first mythic villain. Few know that America&#8217;s first serial killer came from the San Luis Valley. Even fewer know that he was inspired by probably the only apparition of the Virgin Mary who besought her witness to carve the still-beating hearts out of as many white people as possible (or so the witness claimed). No doubt, these two dozen grisly murders were products of a supremely unhinged mind, but they were also a twisted articulation of mounting racial tension in the Valley, a tension that persists today — and it&#8217;s worth taking a quick survey of the atmosphere in which Espinosa committed his crimes.</p>
<p>The lack of precipitation in the Valley (it gets seven inches annually, tops) would render agriculture impossible were it not for a combination of artesian wells and canals diverting Rio Grande water to farmland. And in fact, despite being classified as a desert, the Valley is an important agricultural hub: enough alfalfa grows there to give bunnies the world over heart palpitations of joy. But if land isn&#8217;t adjacent to a water source, it&#8217;s dust. Back when the area was still part of Spain, the imperial government doled out huge land grants to Hispanic settlers. By the time the Americans came, the best land had long been part of multi-generation family plots.  </p>
<p>So when Americans “annexed” the Valley and surrounding environs, they discovered that Hispanic settlers had the vast majority of arable land. What miffed the Americans most was that the Hispanic settlers still primarily practiced subsistence farming, and exchanged commodities mostly through barter. Americans saw the situation as another “white man&#8217;s burden” kind of scene, with their burden being to bring these anachronistic folk into the nineteenth century.</p>
<p>One of the first things the new territorial government needed to do was to survey existing plots of land and legally register them in accord with American property laws. This process of surveying and deeding turned out to be a prime opportunity for Americans to dispossess the Hispanic settlers of their best land. </p>
<p>Here&#8217;s how it happened: An American surveyor would visit a Hispanic landowner and inform him of good news: the landowner&#8217;s property was now part of the United States. And in order to be a legal American landowner the exact boundaries of his property would need to be surveyed. Unfortunately, the surveyor would inform the landowner, surveying isn’t cheap. The landowner would be informed that he had to pay the surveyor for his services. </p>
<p>Typically the landowner would inform the surveyor that he had no legal tender currency. The surveyor often responded with an idea: the landowner could pay the surveyor using his <em>own land</em>. To pay for the surveyor&#8217;s exorbitant fees, the landowner would have to cede the most valuable parts of his land, those parts with access to irrigation. It seems almost incredible today, but through this process, Hispanics in the Valley lost more than <em>two-thirds</em> of their land in a few short years. This led to astonishing poverty, cultural isolation, and no small amount of churning rage. </p>
<p>Even before he himself faced this surveying tomfoolery, Felipe Espinosa seethed about the treatment of Hispanics in the area by the Americans. He was intensely proud of his Spanish Catholic heritage and was infuriated by the influx of Protestants who saw his faith as barbaric. In his youth, during the American invasion of Mexico (euphemistically known here as “The First American Intervention” and “The Mexican-American War”), Espinosa saw six civilians killed by American shelling off his town in what became New Mexico. </p>
<p>In 1863, Espinosa (with the help of others) began murdering Americans. His killings are unclassifiable: they demonstrate aspects of spree killings (committed in a relatively short period of time), serial killings (ritualistic treatment of the bodies of victims), and political insurgency (motivated by fury at occupation of his homeland). Perhaps these taxonomical difficulties are what render Espinosa a historical unknown — H.H. Holmes of Chicago World Fair infamy gets credit for being the first serial killer in America.</p>
<p>One of the more bizarre aspects of the case is that Espinosa claimed to have been inspired by an apparition of the Virgin of Guadalupe. Given the racial tension that catalyzed these killings, her appearance seems important to note. The Virgin of Guadalupe had historically been used as a mediator between native and colonial religions in post-conquest Latin America. <em>La Virgen de Guadalupe</em> has been seen paradoxically as both a symbol of native empowerment as well as a tool for colonial powers to force Catholicism on native populations. Because the hero of her legend is the peasant Juan Diego, and the story employs traditional native symbolism and imagery, she represents the power of native tradition. On the other hand, some interpret this same use of native semiotics as a cynical veneer of sympathy by a Church bent on snuffing out those very traditions.</p>
<p>When she appeared to Espinosa, the Virgin certainly did not bear a message of love. He claimed she demanded that he cut the hearts of six hundred white people (one hundred for each of the six civilians killed by Americans that he saw). He began his murders in the San Luis Valley, and the first victim was found in May, the body hideously mutilated and the heart cut out. </p>
<p>Espinosa killed at least 23 more people (no mean feat in this sparsely populated area) before trackers shot and killed him. Residents and travelers through the area had no information about the author of these crimes or the intent of their macabre symbolism until late in the spree. An educated man, he wrote the territorial governor to demand a land grant from the government and complete immunity for himself and his accomplices; if denied, he insisted that he would kill another five hundred and seventy gringos. Terror gripped the region, and the already taxing passage through these harsh mountains and valleys became sinister journeys of abject terror. No one knew anything beyond the fact that bodies were being found sans hearts throughout the region.</p>
<p>Espinosa and his coterie finally slipped up when a particularly gruesome robbery went awry; the victim survived and described his attackers. A short time later, a team of trackers found Espinosa <em>et alia</em> and killed them. Despite Espinosa&#8217;s letter describing the wrongs perpetrated by the Americans and the clearly targeted nature of the killings, the incident led to no particular soul-searching among elites of the area. To many, it was another senseless apparition of the violence that seemed to haunt the American West at the time. To others, the incident was the product of a man unhinged by a loss in a just war. The absorption of the San Luis Valley into the vast folds of America continued unabated, though it was never fully completed — a fact one can see easily upon visiting this strange place.</p>
<hr />
<p><em>Photo by <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/tonyapoole/">Tony Poole</a></em></p>
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